Keywords: Salivary gland stem cells, Stem cell therapy, Tissue regeneration. In this review article, we highlight the basic embryology of SGs, existence of SG SCs with a detailed exploration of various cellular markers, scaffolds for tissue engineering, and, in the later part, cover potential therapeutic applications with a special focus on the pancreas and liver. Concerns about malignant formations and possible failures are yet to be resolved. Functional improvement has been achieved in these organs, but till date, the whole organ in vivo regeneration was not achieved. SC therapy could be a cheap and simple, non-traumatic, and individualized therapy for medically challenging cases like xerostomia and major organ failures. A new aspect of SC therapy aims to establish a vice versa relationship between SG and other ecto- or endodermal organs such as the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and thyroid. Several scaffolds were also combined with “SCs” and different “proteins” to achieve guided differentiation, although none have been proven as ideal. So far, SCs were isolated from human and rodent major and minor SGs that enabled their regeneration. The aim of this review is to combine literature and experimental data concerning the impact of salivary gland (SG) stem cells (SCs) and their therapeutic prospects in tissue regeneration. Salivary Gland Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration: An Update on Possible Therapeutic Application. Salivary Gland Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration: An Update on Possible Therapeutic ApplicationĪikaterini Mitroulia 1, Marianna Gavriiloglou 2, Poluxeni Athanasiadou 3, Athina Bakopoulou 4, Athanasios Poulopoulos 5, Prashanth Panta 6, Shankargouda Patil 7, Dimitrios Andreadis 8ġ–3,5,8Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece 4Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology-Tissue Regeneration Unit, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece 6Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India 7Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaĬorresponding Author: Prashanth Panta, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India, Phone: +91 9701806830, e-mail: to cite this article Mitroulia A, Gavriiloglou M, et al. These results suggest that the effects of gravitational changes on expression of the HGF family member gene, CAP1, and Na+, K+-ATPase gene may be important for the cell growth, tubule morphogenesis, and dome formation of A6 cells in altered gravity.The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice Volume 20 | Issue 8 | Year 2019 Hypergravity, on the other hand, decreased the gene expression of activin A and increased the gene expression of HLP, GF-Livertine, CAP1, and Na+, K+-ATPase. Simulated microgravity increased the gene expression of activin A and reduced the gene expression of HLP, GF-Livertine, CAP1, and Na+, K+-ATPase. When dome formation by A6 cells at high confluence was induced spontaneously in the control 1 g culture, the gene expression of the HGF family of pleiotropic factors, such as HGF-like protein (HLP) and growth factor-Livertine (GF-Livertine), an epithelial serine protease of channel activating protease 1 (CAP1), and Na+, $K^+-adenosine$ triphosphatase (ATPase), increased. These results indicated that changes in gravity influence the morphogenetic properties of A6 cells, such as dome formation and tubule morphogenesis. Dome formation by A6 cells at high confluence was inhibited under simulated microgravity conditions, whereas hypergravity promoted dome formation and induced tubule morphogenesis, compared to the control at 1 g. The growth of A6 cells was significantly enhanced by hypergravity, but significantly reduced by simulated microgravity. We used the generation orbit control method as the new rotation control system of the 3D-clinostat, not the random method. To determine whether this morphogenetic property is altered by gravity, we used a three-dimensional (3D) clinostat to subject the cells to simulated microgravity, and a centrifuge to subject them to hypergravity. Confluent high-density cell cultures of A6 cells derived from adult male Xenopus kidney exhibit spontaneous dome-formation at 1 g.
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